Estimating larval fish growth under size- dependent mortality: a numerical analysis of bias
نویسندگان
چکیده
The early larval phase is characterized by high growth and mortality rates. Estimates of growth from both population (cross-sectional) and individual (longitudinal) data may be biased when mortality is size-dependent. Here, we use a simple individual-based model to assess the range of bias in estimates of growth under various size-dependent patterns of growth and mortality rates. A series of simulations indicate that size distribution of individuals in the population may contribute significantly to bias in growth estimates, but that typical size-dependent growth patterns have minor effects. Growth rate estimates from longitudinal data (otolith readings) are closer to true values than estimates from cross-sectional data (population growth rates). The latter may produce bias in growth estimation of about 0.03 day–1 (in instantaneous, specific growth rate) or >40% difference in some situations. Four potential patterns of size-dependent mortality are tested and analyzed for their impact on growth estimates. The bias is shown to yield large differences in estimated cohort survival rates. High autocorrelation and variance in growth rates tend to increase growth estimates and bias, as well as recruitment success. We also found that autocorrelated growth patterns, reflecting environmental variance structure, had strong impact on recruitment success of a cohort. Résumé : Le début de la phase larvaire se caractérise par des taux élevés de croissance et de mortalité. L’estimation de la croissance à l’aide de données provenant de la population (transversales) et des individus (longitudinales) peut être faussée lorsque la mortalité est dépendante de la taille. Nous utilisons ici un modèle simple basé sur l’individu afin d’évaluer l’étendue de l’erreur dans les estimations de croissance sous divers patrons de taux de croissance et de mortalité reliés à la taille. Une série de simulations indique que la distribution en taille des individus dans la population peut contribuer significativement à l’erreur des estimations de croissance, mais que les patrons typiques de croissance dépendant de la taille n’ont que des effets mineurs. Les estimations de la croissance à partir de données longitudinales (lectures d’otolithes) sont plus près des valeurs réelles que les estimations à partir de données transversales (taux de croissance de la population). Ces dernières peuvent générer une erreur dans l’estimation de la croissance d’environ 0,03 jour–1 (taux spécifique instantané de croissance) ou une différence de >40 % dans certains cas. Nous testons quatre patrons potentiels de mortalité taille dépendante et analysons leur impact sur les estimations de croissance. Nous montrons que cette erreur produit d’importantes différences dans les estimations de taux de survie de la cohorte. Une autocorrélation et une variance importantes des taux de croissance ont tendance à faire augmenter les estimations de la croissance, l’erreur ainsi que le succès du recrutement. Nous observons également que les patrons de croissance autocorrélés, qui représentent la structure de la variance environnementale, ont un fort impact sur le succès du recrutement d’une cohorte. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Tian et al. 562
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